THYMOSIN BETA 4 FRAGMENT AC-SDKP
Thymosin beta 4, a naturally occurring human protein comprising 43 amino acids with a molecular weight of 4,291 g/mol, stands as a pivotal regulator in cellular dynamics, particularly in processes crucial for cell structure maintenance, mobility facilitation, and extracellular matrix function regulation. Its primary mode of action involves binding to actin proteins, thereby assuming the role of the principal actin-sequestering protein in cellular environments.
While the precise mechanisms underlying its functions are still under investigation, speculation abounds regarding its potential interaction with extracellular receptors to mediate physiological effects [1].
However, due to its extensive peptide sequence, the administration of Thymosin Beta 4 is restricted solely to subcutaneous injection, given its negligible oral or intranasal bioavailability.
To address this limitation, researchers have isolated the active domain of thymosin beta 3, a mere 7-amino acid segment (LKKTETQ), which retains significant biological activities such as promoting cell migration, actin polymerization, and wound healing.
This truncated fragment, commonly referred to as TB500 Fragment, presents enhanced ease of administration owing to its smaller size and improved oral bioavailability compared to its parent molecule [2].
Moreover, TB500 Fragment can be further refined into a tetrapeptide sequence (Ac-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro), abbreviated as Ac-SDKP. Notably, Ac-SDKP occurs naturally and undergoes degradation via angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity.
This inherent property has led to intriguing findings suggesting that ACE inhibitors, by inhibiting Ac-SDKP breakdown, may play a role in preventing scarring and cardiac remodeling.
Ac-SDKP exhibits anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties, promoting blood vessel growth, mitigating inflammation, and reducing scarring post-injury [3].
The utilization of TB500 Fragment and its derivative Ac-SDKP presents a promising avenue in therapeutic intervention.
Their enhanced bioavailability, coupled with their multifaceted beneficial effects on cellular dynamics, make them compelling candidates for various clinical applications, ranging from wound healing to mitigating fibrotic conditions and inflammatory responses.
References:
1. Smith, T.A., Mehrzad, R., Thymosin Beta-4, in StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2021.
2. Malinda, K.M., et al., Thymosin beta 4 accelerates wound healing. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2000, 115(2), 233-244.
3. Xu, J., et al., Ac-SDKP: a novel approach for the treatment of fibrosis and inflammation. European Journal of Pharmacology, 2020, 888, 173484.
Ac-SDKP:
Sequence: Ac-SDKP
Molecular Formula: C20H33N5O9
Molecular Weight: 487.5 g/mol
PubChem CID: 65938
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